Cultivation of cotton crop pdf

The area under organic cotton farming is declining due. Insufficient moisture during these planting stages will be detrimental to the crop. Better management practices for cotton cultivation wwfindia. Before planting, the soil is plowed, loosened and harrowed to make the soil suitable for cultivation.

For irrigated cotton, irrigation at 10 to 12 days interval till the on set of monsoon is advocated. Nearly all of the american cotton fiber growth and production occurs in southern and western states, dominated by texas, california, mississippi, arkansas, and louisiana. These include widespread cultivation of bt cotton, development of resistance in cotton pest population, consumer preference for ecofriendly cotton, quality conscious buyers and call for sustainable agriculture. Cotton growth and development includes germination, emergence, seedling growth, re production, and maturation. The student himherself is doing the cultivation practices. China, india, usa, pakistan and uzbekistan are the five. Farm mechanization in india, benefits, problems, scope. Its growing season of approximately 150 to 180 days is the longest of any annually planted crop in the country.

Apr 16, 2016 cultivation and harvesting of cotton plant by m. Special thanks go to the following people and institutions. This statistic shows the worlds leading cotton producing countries in crop year 2019. Cotton cultivation project report, farming cost, profit. Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, round the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus gossypium in the mallow family malvaceae. Cotton, one of the worlds leading agricultural crops, is plentiful and economically produced, making cotton products relatively inexpensive. Cultivation and harvesting of cotton plant introduction conditions for cultivation life cycle of cotton cultivation process insect pests and diseases picking and harvesting 4. Pdf cotton production in china has developed rapidly during the last 60 years. Bt expresses the qualities of the insecticidal gene throughout the growing cycle of the plant. August, 1999 general production information among the cotton producing states, in 1998, arizona ranked 8th in cotton lint and cottonseed production. Cotton cultivation cotton is very widely cultivated throughout the world, being grown on a greater or less scale as a commercial crop in almost every country included in the broad belt between latitudes n. Cotton and cotton textile industries are central to the economic growth of both developed and developing countries. Gossypium hirsutum l, gossypium arboreum family name. How to download pdf book full guide outline of practical crop production.

Cotton, seedhair fiber of several species of plants of the genus gossypium, belonging to the hibiscus, or mallow, family. In the western states, for example, nearly the entire crop is irrigated. Technology has changed the cultivation process from a laborintensive, nonprofitable enterprise to americas number one valueadded crop. It provides the basic raw material cotton fibre to cotton textile industry. From an economic standpoint, cottons water use efficiency allows cotton to generate more revenue per gallon of water than any other major field crop. Department of agriculture plant hardiness zones 9a through 11. In india cotton is cultivated in 9 million hectares in varied agroclimatic conditions across nine major states. The initial investment in cotton farming is high compared to other crops but profits also very high in cotton farming. After bloom the cotton bolls become visible, each containing up to 25 seeds. Cotton cultivation soil, crop, usually, plants, season. Cotton leaf roller, spotted boll corn, pink boll corn are controlled by dusting crop with 10% carbonyl where red cotton bug and dusky cotton bug are controlled by dusting 5% b. Cotton crops are very susceptible to pest attacks and use up more. Cotton, for example, would be but one of sev eral crops an organic farmer would grow.

Although its typically thought of as a crop thats grown commercially, home gardeners can cultivate cotton too. Being a cash crop, cotton is known for its intensive cultivation. Rather, it seeks to provide an introduction to a number of the most significant global issues associated with cotton cultivation, and to explain the intended outcomes by having the production principles and criteria met. Today, we detail cotton cultivation practices, farming methods, planting methods, and harvesting techniques. If there is a dry spell of 3 weeks or more in monsoon, gave protective irrigation to cotton crop. Cotton yield depends on the management practices with the adoption of advanced technology for growing cotton.

Using only 15% of the worlds cotton land, china currently has. Perhaps, india is the only country in the world where all the four cultivated species are grown on commercial scale. If cotton intercropped with other crops, one paired row of cotton is alternated with three rows of intercrop and the total population of cotton crop is maintained at the same level as in the case of pure crop. For more complete coverage of general organic crop production, we. Diseases and pests cotton aphids cotton jassides are controlled by spraying malathion 0. Irrigated puddled lowland rice any irrigated dry crop maize sorghum pearl millet finger millet cotton groundnut sunflower sesame. Data reveals that cotton cultivation in india consumes 44. In the crop sown by broadcasting, one or two hand hoeings are given to remove weeds, intercultivation not only checks the growth of weeds but also leads to better soil aeration and soil moisture conservation.

Pdf current status of organic cotton production in india. The cotton crop can give 5060 quintalha yield of kapas under drip irrigation. In addition, cotton is a waterthirsty crop and around 6% of the water for irrigation in india is used for. World agricultural supply and demand estimates wasde report is released. The fibers grow and thicken around the seeds within the segmented boll which enlarges in size. Jul 17, 2017 cotton gossypium barbadense grows especially well and matures early in sandy loam soils or loamy sand soils. Insecticide resistance has emerged as a serious problem to crop protection programs world. Growth and production of cotton encyclopedia of life. Area under cotton cultivation cotton crop is grown in about 70 countries across the world and planted in an area of 31.

Pdf farming and cultivation technologies of cotton in china. Cotton production in pakistan is integral to the economic development of the country. Since there is much variation in climate and soil, production practices differ from region to region. For intercropping with greengram soybean, complete the sowing and irrigation 20 days prior to cotton sowing on one side of the ridge. Cultivation definition of cultivation by the free dictionary. The cotton plant is a perennial with reputedly the most complex structure of any major field crop. Crop production the cotton belt spans the southern half of the unites states, from virginia to california. Finally, the cotton fibers become mature and thickened and the. Cotton ag data, resources and trends welcome to your onestop destination for cotton resources. Weeds compete with cotton crop for nutrients, light and moisture. When harvesting with a cotton picker or stripper, huge quantities are being brought in at. Cotton production guideline department of agriculture.

The nation is largely dependent on the cotton industry and its related textile sector, and the crop has been given a principal status in the country. After about 8 weeks these bolls tear open and the fluffy cotton bursts forth. Introduction cotton is grown chiefly for its fiber which is used in the manufacture of cloth. Cotton occupies a relatively small percentage 3% of the worlds crop acreage, a fact that may seem at odds with the. Cotton is grown in 17 states and is a major crop in 14. The cotton plants root system is very efficient at seeking moisture and nutrients from the soil. Extralong staple els cotton production is estimated 22 percent higherat 693,000 balesas larger area more than offset a lower yield, resulting in the largest els crop since 2012. Arizona ranked 3rd among the four pima cotton producing states and 8th among the 17 upland cotton producing states. The plant continues to grow, adding leaves and height, and in approximately five to seven weeks, small flower buds called squares will appear on the cotton.

The inputs received from the following experts is thankfully acknowledged i ii iii iv v chairman chairman technical session coordinator tech. Cotton is grown in large monocultures and therefore susceptible to pests. Thinning of cotton is a special feature of the irrigated crop. Cotton cultivation offers 200 mandaysha of employment. Cotton is the most important fibre crop not only of india but of the entire world. Mar 10, 2015 indian cotton production is heavily associated with the intensive use of hazardous pesticides. Here youll find uptodate, regionspecific information from our extensive cotton incorporated research library, universities and other top sources.